Diet is the most important part of gastritis therapy.Based on some signs of the disease, such as acidity in the stomach, as well as the presence of erosive, atrophic and other forms, the diet may vary depending on what can and cannot be included in the menu.
If a person has an unbalanced diet, periodically drinks alcohol, smokes and is often under severe stress, then he will inevitably develop a pathology such as gastritis.This is a disease that causes inflammation of the stomach lining, causing disruption of its integrity.As a result, various unpleasant symptoms occur, the main of which is acute pain in the upper abdomen.In addition, bloating, belching, nausea and vomiting appear, appetite decreases or disappears altogether, which often leads to weight loss.Gastric gastritis manifests itself in various forms, including those that can be caused by an infectious environment, but in any case, a healthy diet is necessary for successful treatment.It is not only the diet that must be changed, one must decide what can and cannot be eaten, but also the principles of nutrition must be changed, coordinated with a stable menu for the whole week, dividing the entire amount of food into 5-6 meals.During an exacerbation, the diet should be strengthened;in addition, there are some nuances if gastritis is characterized by high or low acidity.
What is possible and what is not allowed in case of gastritis?
The main difference in nutrition will be determined by the level of acidity.Which indicator is determined for a particular patient during diagnosis before therapy.
Increased acidity
With increased acidity, which happens most often, you should follow three basic principles:
- Mechanically.It prohibits fried foods;in addition, coarse fiber such as bran bread, rutabaga, turnips and strips of meat are not allowed.
- Chemical.It says to avoid foods that promote the release of hydrochloric acid needed for digestion, such as soda, alcohol and citrus fruits.In addition, concentrated rich broths based on meat and fish are prohibited.
- Thermal.It consists of eating foods that are at their optimum temperature, which is usually between 16-55 degrees Celsius.If the food is hotter or colder, then with gastritis it causes irritation of the esophagus, which leads to an increase in the duration of food absorption and, accordingly, an increased load on the stomach.
If the environment in the stomach can be characterized as acidic, then low-fat fish and meat, fermented milk products, eggs, which can be served as omelettes or soft-boiled, are suitable for the diet.In addition, the diet can include peeled tomatoes, boiled zucchini, potatoes, etc.
Low acidity
A gastritis diet with reduced acidity includes foods that promote the release of more enzymes that ensure digestion.To do this, it is also important to normalize the procedure of eating food.This should be done slowly;it is important to spend at least half a minute chewing one portion of food, and the eating process should last at least half an hour.Significantly improves hydrochloric acid secretion by drinking slightly carbonated mineral water;you should drink 200 ml of this water every time before meals.A variety of fruits and vegetables are allowed, which must be eaten immediately after a meal, as snacking is not allowed on the diet.Fruits and vegetables should be chosen light, based on the principle that there are no hard fibers.To further facilitate the digestion process, it is better to peel the fruit in advance and eat only the pulp.
Low acidity has some advantages over high acidity.A small amount of chocolate products, light soups and broths and river fish, mushrooms and lean meat, which includes rabbit and veal, are allowed.Milk derivatives are allowed, but milk itself is best avoided.
What is not allowed?
If you have gastritis with any acidity, you should not use:
- Baking;
- Chocolate products;
- Fried, spicy foods;
- Alcoholic beverages;
- Food rich in vegetable or animal fats;
- Vinegar.
How to eat during an exacerbation - weekly menu
In case of exacerbation, a compromise must be found and the body receives all the necessary nutrients and trace elements, but the diet is neutral and does not irritate the inflamed mucous membrane.In this situation, digestion should be helped as much as possible so that it happens very quickly.To do this, you should try to grind all the food as much as possible, and use only boiling or steaming for cooking.
It is important that the prepared menu is not only balanced and gentle, but also strictly followed by eating food at a strictly defined time every day.The intervals between doses should not be longer than three hours, otherwise the stomach will empty and the aggravation will only intensify.It cannot be passed because it is full of stomach stagnation.In the evenings, you should eat no later than three to four hours before going to bed.
Oddly enough, during the exacerbation period, it is recommended to spend the first day on an empty stomach.However, the stomach still needs to be filled.To do this, you need to drink a lot of still water and weakly brewed tea.Any liquid you drink should be warm.Starting from the second day, liquid porridge and mashed potatoes with water are allowed.In addition, boiled eggs and unconcentrated soup with grated vegetables will be useful.When gastritis worsens, fatty foods should be completely eliminated from the diet, because their decomposition is very slow.
Weekly menu
P and T:
- Breakfast with oatmeal and compote;
- The second time you can have breakfast with steamed cheesecakes;
- Lunch consists of mashed potatoes, vegetable soup with breadcrumbs, boiled fish, compote;
- Afternoon snacks – cookies with light tea;
- Dinner - pasta side dish with steamed lean meat cutlets, light tea.
Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday:
- Breakfast consists of baked apples, cheesecakes and compote;
- The second time for breakfast with one glass of jelly;
- You need to have lunch with vegetable broth, steamed fish, mineral water from gases;
- Afternoon snacks are allowed with unsweetened light tea with white bread crackers;
- Cottage cheese casserole and compote for dinner.
Friday, Sun:
- You should have breakfast with eggs boiled for 5-6 minutes, washed down with compote;
- For the second breakfast, eat cheesecakes with tea;
- Lunch vegetable stew, grated potato soup, jelly;
- Afternoon snack – a glass of kefir with crackers;
- For dinner, you should boil fish with porridge on water.
Diet No. 1 against gastritis
Diet No. 1 is considered quite strict.However, its use is a necessary measure, because in the case of gastritis or an ulcer, it is very important to restore normal digestion and not irritate the gastric mucosa.This diet is determined after the end of the exacerbation phase of the disease.Of the cooking methods, only boiling, steaming and baking can be used.It is extremely important to reduce the amount of salt consumed, because its presence negatively affects the condition of the inner surface of the stomach;in addition, salt slows down the elimination of water from the body.
Diet No. 1 involves dividing the whole day's diet into five to six small portions.The total amount of calories consumed should not exceed 2000.
Among the main dishes that should be included in the diet no.1, is:
- Vegetable soup.The vegetable base can be replaced with vermicelli or rice;
- Lean meat and fish without veins and other hard-to-digest elements;
- Bakery products should be consumed yesterday, dried, and also in the form of crackers.
Fermented dairy products, such as cottage cheese, yogurt, skim milk, can be eaten in moderation.
Must not be used in diet No. 1:
- Rye bread;
- Soups based on mushrooms and meat - you will have to give up okroshka, borscht, cabbage soup;
- Smoked products;
- Pickled cucumbers;
- Fish and other canned food.
Diet for erosive form
Gastritis is called erosive, when the action of the disease causes erosion of the stomach, called an ulcer.An ulcer is a much more serious disease that can cause very serious consequences, including, for example, peritonitis, when a hole gradually appears as a result of erosion of the wall, as a result of which the contents of the stomach enter the abdominal cavity.This situation is fraught with death without urgent surgical treatment.
The causes of erosion, along with the effects of Helicobacter Pylori infection, are exposure to substances or excessively acidic gastric juice.Thus, with erosive gastritis, it is very important to eat properly to slow down and reverse the ulcer formation process.
If the patient has erosive gastritis, the principles of diet should be followed:
- The consumed food products should minimally irritate the stomach wall and prevent an increase in acidity;
- You should constantly eat liquid, warm, pureed food.At the same time, it is necessary to reduce the amount of fat and salt in the diet;
- Giving up bad habits, spices, soda;
- Vegetables should be cooked using heat treatment;
- The emphasis in food should be on soups and cereals.
Diet and menu if the patient has atrophic gastritis
The atrophic form is relatively difficult to diagnose because there are no symptoms in the initial phase of the pathology.Among the few signs of the disease, belching after fried and fatty food, which smells very unpleasant, can be noted.In addition, general weakness, brittle legs and hair, as well as skin problems are inevitable companions of atrophic gastritis.
Atrophic gastritis imposes serious restrictions on the list of what is possible and what is not.In your diet you should avoid:
- Black bread products, pastry products;
- Smoked foods;
- Mushrooms in any form;
- Peas, beans;
- Canned food;
- Thermally unprocessed fruits and vegetables;
- Soda, including mineral water;
- Milk.
Like other gastritis diets, cooking methods such as baking and smoking are completely prohibited in the atrophy stage.You can boil, steam or bake the food to make it ready to eat
With atrophic gastritis, it is important to eat:
- Soups based on grated vegetables;
- Various porridges on the water;
- Boiled lean meat, very finely cut;
- Skimmed milk derivatives;
- Boiled eggs;
- unleavened white bread, crackers;
- Fruits and vegetables that have been heat-treated;
- Butter;
- For dessert, you can treat yourself to marmalade, jelly and foam.